{"id":104,"date":"2020-05-30T18:10:00","date_gmt":"2020-05-30T18:10:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/punjabi.lrc.columbia.edu\/?page_id=104"},"modified":"2020-10-14T05:02:57","modified_gmt":"2020-10-14T05:02:57","slug":"unit-05-interrogatives","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/punjabi.lrc.columbia.edu\/?page_id=104","title":{"rendered":"Interrogative Sentences"},"content":{"rendered":"

Interrogatives<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

Interrogative <\/strong>pronouns and adverbs are important in forming questions in Punjabi. You can think of the interrogative form as the equivalent of the 5 Ws and H in English: who, what, where, when, why, and how. Let\u2019s start with a simple SOV sentence:<\/p>\n

\u0a2e\u0a48\u0a02 \u0a39\u0a30\u0a2e\u0a28 \u0a39\u0a3e\u0a02 | \u2192 I am Harman.<\/p>\n

If we went by English rules and wanted to turn this sentence into a question, we could simply add a ? to the end of the previous sentence and get:<\/p>\n

\u0a2e\u0a48\u0a02 \u0a39\u0a30\u0a2e\u0a28 \u0a39\u0a3e\u0a02? \u2192 Am I Harman?<\/p>\n

However, questions are formed differently in Punjabi than they are in English. To ask the question \u201cAm I Harman?\u201d, you would need to add the word \u0a15\u0a40 (what) to the beginning of the sentence. So, the correct way to ask the question \u201cAm I Harman?\u201d would be the following:<\/p>\n

\u0a15\u0a40 \u0a2e\u0a48\u0a02 \u0a39\u0a30\u0a2e\u0a28 \u0a39\u0a3e\u0a02? \u2192 Am I Harman?<\/p>\n

The basic rule to take away from the lines above is that to convert a sentence into a question, like going from \u201cthis is a car\u201d to \u201cis this a car?\u201d, simply add the word \u0a15\u0a40 to the beginning of the sentence and change the ending punctuation from | to?<\/p>\n

This is a book. \u2192 \u0a07\u0a39 \u0a15\u0a3f\u0a24\u0a3e\u0a2c \u0a39\u0a48 | \u2192 \u0a15\u0a40 \u0a07\u0a39 \u0a15\u0a3f\u0a24\u0a3e\u0a2c \u0a39\u0a48? \u2192 Is this a book?<\/p>\n

What if we wanted to replace the object of the sentence with an interrogative pronoun like who, what, where, etc.? For example, what if we wanted to say \u201cWho is this?\u201d instead of \u201cThis is Harman\u201d? First, we need to establish what the key interrogatives are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\u0a15\u0a4c\u0a23 (kon) who<\/td>\n\u0a15\u0a40 (ki) what<\/td>\n\u0a15\u0a3f\u0a25\u0a47 (kithe) where<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0a15\u0a26\u0a4b\u0a02 (kadhon) when<\/td>\n\u0a15\u0a3f\u0a09\u0a02 (kyun) why<\/td>\n\u0a15\u0a3f\u0a35\u0a47\u0a02 (kevain) how<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

The spelling of the interrogative pronouns above will remain the same regardless of gender and number.<\/p>\n

However, the spelling of the interrogative pronouns below will change depending on the gender and number of the relating object.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0a15\u0a3f\u0a39\u0a5c\u0a3e (kehda) which<\/td>\n\u0a15\u0a3f\u0a38 \u0a26\u0a3e\/\u0a15\u0a3f\u0a39\u0a26\u0a3e (kis da) whose<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

For example, if referring to a group of women, you would use \u0a15\u0a3f\u0a39\u0a5c\u0a40\u0a06\u0a02 or \u0a15\u0a3f\u0a38 \u0a26\u0a40\u0a06\u0a02 (both feminine plural) instead of \u0a15\u0a3f\u0a39\u0a5c\u0a3e or \u0a15\u0a3f\u0a38 \u0a26\u0a3e (both masculine singular), respectively.<\/p>\n

Now, to form questions with interrogative pronouns, simply use the interrogative pronouns above in place of objects in the SOV structure. For example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Subject<\/td>\nObject<\/td>\nVerb<\/td>\nMeaning<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0a07\u0a39<\/td>\n\u0a15\u0a4c\u0a23<\/td>\n\u0a39\u0a48<\/td>\nWho is this?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0a07\u0a39<\/td>\n\u0a15\u0a40<\/td>\n\u0a39\u0a48<\/td>\nWhat is this?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0a24\u0a41\u0a38\u0a40\u0a02<\/td>\n\u0a15\u0a3f\u0a25\u0a47<\/td>\n\u0a39\u0a4b<\/td>\nWhere are you?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0a24\u0a41\u0a38\u0a40\u0a02<\/td>\n\u0a15\u0a26\u0a4b\u0a02<\/td>\n\u0a06 \u0a30\u0a39\u0a47 \u0a39\u0a4b<\/td>\nWhen are you coming?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0a09\u0a39<\/td>\n\u0a15\u0a3f\u0a09\u0a02<\/td>\n\u0a39\u0a71\u0a38 \u0a30\u0a3f\u0a39\u0a3e \u0a39\u0a48<\/td>\nWhy is he laughing?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0a2e\u0a48\u0a02<\/td>\n\u0a15\u0a3f\u0a35\u0a47\u0a02<\/td>\n\u0a06\u0a07\u0a06 \u0a38\u0a40<\/td>\nHow did I come?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0a09\u0a39<\/td>\n\u0a15\u0a3f\u0a39\u0a5c\u0a3e<\/td>\n\u0a16\u0a3f\u0a21\u0a4c\u0a23\u0a3e \u0a39\u0a48<\/td>\nWhich toy is that?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0a07\u0a39<\/td>\n\u0a15\u0a3f\u0a38 \u0a26\u0a3e<\/td>\n\u0a2c\u0a71\u0a1a\u0a3e \u0a39\u0a48<\/td>\nWhose child is this?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

*Remember that both \u0a07\u0a39 and \u0a09\u0a39 mean \u2018he\/she\u2019, but only \u0a07\u0a39 means \u2018this\u2019 and only \u0a09\u0a39 means \u2018that\u2019.<\/p>\n

You now know how to form questions. However, just like in English, some interrogative pronouns have specific befitting replies. For example, you could reply to the question \u201cwhere<\/strong> is the book?\u201d with the sentence \u201cthere <\/strong>is the book\u201d or \u201cthe book is there<\/strong>\u201d. In Punjabi, the following interrogative pronouns have a similar sound and equivalent replies:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Question Word<\/td>\nMeaning<\/td>\nResponse Word<\/td>\nMeaning<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0a15\u0a3f\u0a25\u0a47<\/td>\nwhere?<\/td>\n\u0a1c\u0a3f\u0a25\u0a47<\/td>\nwhere\/there<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0a15\u0a26\u0a4b\u0a02<\/td>\nwhen?<\/td>\n\u0a1c\u0a26\u0a4b\u0a02<\/td>\nwhen\/then<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0a15\u0a3f\u0a35\u0a47\u0a02<\/td>\nhow?<\/td>\n\u0a1c\u0a3f\u0a35\u0a47\u0a02<\/td>\nhow\/as<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0a15\u0a3f\u0a39\u0a5c\u0a3e<\/td>\nwhich?<\/td>\n\u0a1c\u0a3f\u0a39\u0a5c\u0a3e<\/td>\nwhich\/that<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0a15\u0a3f\u0a38 \u0a26\u0a3e<\/td>\nwhose?<\/td>\n\u0a1c\u0a3f\u0a38 \u0a26\u0a3e<\/td>\nwhose\/that<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

The easiest way to remember these response words is that they are the same as the question words except they begin with a \u0a1c (ja) instead of a \u0a15 (ka).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Interrogatives Interrogative pronouns and adverbs are important in forming questions in Punjabi. You can think of the interrogative form as the equivalent of the 5 Ws and H in English: who, what, where, when, why, and how. Let\u2019s start with a simple SOV sentence: \u0a2e\u0a48\u0a02 \u0a39\u0a30\u0a2e\u0a28 \u0a39\u0a3e\u0a02 | \u2192 I am Harman. If we went … Continue reading Interrogative Sentences<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":11,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/punjabi.lrc.columbia.edu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/104"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/punjabi.lrc.columbia.edu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/punjabi.lrc.columbia.edu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/punjabi.lrc.columbia.edu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/punjabi.lrc.columbia.edu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=104"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/punjabi.lrc.columbia.edu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/104\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":491,"href":"https:\/\/punjabi.lrc.columbia.edu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/104\/revisions\/491"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/punjabi.lrc.columbia.edu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=104"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}