{"id":285,"date":"2020-06-29T15:40:27","date_gmt":"2020-06-29T15:40:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/punjabi.lrc.columbia.edu\/?page_id=285"},"modified":"2021-09-13T19:20:35","modified_gmt":"2021-09-13T19:20:35","slug":"gurmukhi-alphabet-chart","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/punjabi.lrc.columbia.edu\/?page_id=285","title":{"rendered":"Gurmukhi Alphabet Chart"},"content":{"rendered":"

In the following chart, you will learn how to read, write and pronounce these letters;<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Gurmukhi
\nLetter<\/strong><\/td>\n		Transliteration\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

IPA<\/td>\n

Sound example<\/strong><\/td>\nPractice transliterating the English words in column 3\u00a0 into Punjabi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0a73<\/strong><\/td>\nu<\/td>\ncannot be used alone<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0a05<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0259<\/td>\n\u2018a\u2019 as in \u2018above\u2019<\/td>\n\u0a05\u0a2c\u0a35<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0a72<\/strong><\/td>\ne<\/td>\ncannot be used alone<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0a38<\/strong><\/td>\ns\u0259<\/td>\n\u00a0 \u2018s\u2019 as in \u2018sum\u2019<\/td>\n\u0a38\u0a2e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0a39<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0266\u0259<\/td>\n\u2018h\u2019 as in \u2018hut\u2019<\/td>\n\u0a39\u0a1f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0a15<\/strong><\/td>\nk\u0259\/c\u0259<\/td>\nunaspirated \u2018k\u2019 as in \u2018kite\u2019 or \u2018skip\u2019<\/td>\n\u0a32\u0a15<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0a16<\/strong><\/td>\nk\u02b0\u0259<\/td>\naspirated \u2018k\u2019 as in \u2018khaki\u2019 or \u2018khus-khus\u2019<\/td>\n\u0a16\u0a38-\u0a16\u0a38<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0a17<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0261\u0259<\/td>\n\u2018g\u2019 as in \u2018gum\u2019<\/td>\n\u0a17\u0a2e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
*<\/strong>\u0a18<\/strong><\/td>\nk\u0259\u0300<\/td>\n\u2018k\u0259\u0300\u2019 with a low-rising tone as in the Punjabi word \u2018k\u0259\u0300ar\u2019 (home)<\/td>\n\u0a18\u0a30<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0a19<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n\u014b\u0259<\/td>\nantiquated: not commonly used in Modern Punjabi.<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0a1a<\/strong><\/td>\nt\u0361\u0283\u0259<\/td>\n\u2018ch\u2019 as in \u2018such\u2019<\/td>\n\u0a38\u0a1a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0a1b<\/strong><\/td>\nt\u0361\u0283\u02b0\u0259<\/td>\naspirated \u2018ch\u2019 as in \u2018chug\u2019<\/td>\n\u0a1b\u0a17<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0a1c<\/strong><\/td>\nd\u0361\u0292\u0259<\/td>\n\u2018j\u2019 as in \u2018Jug\u2019<\/td>\n\u0a1c\u0a17<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
*<\/strong>\u0a1d<\/strong><\/td>\nt\u0361\u0283\u0259\u0300<\/td>\n\u2018ch\u2019 with a low-rising tone as in Punjabi word \u2018Ch`ag\u2019 (waterfall)<\/td>\n\u0a1d\u0a17<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0a1e<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n\u0272\u0259<\/td>\nantiquated: not commonly used in modern Punjabi<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0a1f<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0288\u0259<\/td>\n\u2019t\u2019 as in \u2018cut\u2019<\/td>\n\u0a15\u0a1f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0a20<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0288\u02b0\u0259<\/td>\naspirated \u2018t\u2019 as in \u2018tub\u2019<\/td>\n\u0a20\u0a2c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0a21<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0256\u0259<\/td>\n\u2019d\u2019 as in \u2018dove\u2019<\/td>\n\u0a21\u0a35<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
*<\/strong>\u0a22<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0288\u0259\u0300<\/td>\n\u2019t\u2019 with a low-rising tone as in \u2018dhol\u2019 (drum)<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0a23<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0273\u0259<\/td>\nthis sound does not exist in English.Punjabi word: \u2018kanak\u2019 (wheat)<\/td>\n\u0a15\u0a23\u0a15<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0a24<\/strong><\/td>\nt\u0259<\/td>\nsoft \u2018t\u2019 as in \u2018at\u2019 or the Spanish number \u2018tres\u2019<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0a25<\/strong><\/td>\nt\u02b0<\/td>\naspirated \u2018th\u2019 as in \u2018thug\u2019<\/td>\n\u0a25\u0a17<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0a26<\/strong><\/td>\nd\u0259<\/td>\n\u2018d\u2019 as in \u2018the\u2019<\/td>\n\u0a26<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
*<\/strong>\u0a27<\/strong><\/td>\nt\u0259\u0300<\/td>\n\u2018t\u2019 with low-rising tone.Punjabi word: \u2018dha`ram\u2019 (religion)<\/td>\n\u0a27\u0a30\u0a2e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0a28<\/strong><\/td>\nn\u0259<\/td>\n\u2018n\u2019 as in \u2018name\u2019 or \u2018number\u2019<\/td>\n\u0a28\u0a2e\u0a2c\u0a30<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0a2a<\/strong><\/td>\np\u0259<\/td>\n\u2018p\u2019 as in \u2018cup\u2019<\/td>\n\u0a15\u0a2a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0a2b<\/strong><\/td>\np\u02b0\u0259<\/td>\nbreathy \u2018p\u2019 as in \u2018top-hat\u2019<\/td>\n\u0a2b\u0a32<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0a2c<\/strong><\/td>\nb\u0259<\/td>\n\u2018b\u2019 as in \u2018bun\u2019<\/td>\n\u0a2c\u0a28<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
**<\/strong>\u0a2d<\/strong><\/td>\np\u0259\u0300<\/td>\n\u2018p\u2019 with low-rising tone.Punjabi word: \u2018Bharat\u2019 (India)<\/td>\n\u0a2d\u0a3e\u0a30\u0a24<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0a2e<\/strong><\/td>\nm\u0259<\/td>\n\u2018m\u2019 as in \u2018mug\u2019<\/td>\n\u0a2e\u0a17<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0a2f<\/strong><\/td>\nj\u0259<\/td>\n\u2018y\u2019 as in \u2018yes\u2019<\/td>\n\u0a2f\u0a2a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0a30<\/strong><\/td>\n\u027e\u0259<\/td>\n\u2018r\u2019 as \u2018rug\u2019<\/td>\n\u0a30\u0a17<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0a32<\/strong><\/td>\nl\u0259<\/td>\n\u2018l\u2019 as in \u2018luck\u2019<\/td>\n\u0a32\u0a15<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0a35<\/strong><\/td>\n\u028b\u0259<\/td>\nbetween English \u2018v\u2019 and \u2018w\u2019 as in \u2018Vicky\u2019 and \u2018Wall\u2019<\/td>\n\u0a35\u0a17<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0a5c<\/strong><\/td>\n\u027d\u0259<\/td>\nThis sound does not exist in English. Think of the sound as a \u2018r\u2019 followed by a short \u2018d\u2019 as in \u2018curdled\u2019<\/td>\n\u0a15\u0a5c\u0a32\u0a4d\u0a21<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0a38\u0a3c<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0283\u0259<\/td>\n\u2018sh\u2019 as in shut<\/td>\n\u0a36\u0a1f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0a16\u0a3c<\/strong><\/td>\nx\u0259<\/td>\n\u2018kh\u2019 as in \u2018k\u1e25uda\u2019*<\/td>\n\u0a59\u0a41\u0a26\u0a3e ( \u0a41 for \/u\/ and \u0a3e \u0a3e for \/a\/)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0a17\u0a3c<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0263\u0259<\/td>\n\u0121um<\/td>\n\u0a5a\u0a2e (sorrow)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0a1c\u0a3c<\/strong><\/td>\nz\u0259<\/td>\n\u2018z\u2019 as in Zip<\/td>\n\u0a5b\u0a3f\u0a2a (\u0a3f for \/i\/)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0a2b\u0a3c<\/strong><\/td>\nf\u0259<\/td>\n\u2018f\u2019 as in fun<\/td>\n\u0a5e\u0a28<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0a32\u0a3c<\/strong><\/td>\n\u026d\u0259<\/td>\n\u2018l\u2019 as in bullhead* Punjabi (m\u0259lh)<\/td>\n\u0a2e\u0a33 (to rub)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

*The starred letters are aspirated. Eg. Khuda means Allah (God), and it is pronounced in a highly aspirated manner.<\/p>\n

**Imagine pronouncing Baghdad in a very authentic, Middle-Eastern pronunciation.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In the following chart, you will learn how to read, write and pronounce these letters;   Gurmukhi Letter Transliteration\u00a0 IPA Sound example Practice transliterating the English words in column 3\u00a0 into Punjabi \u0a73 u cannot be used alone \u0a05 \u0259 \u2018a\u2019 as in \u2018above\u2019 \u0a05\u0a2c\u0a35 \u0a72 e cannot be used alone \u0a38 s\u0259 \u00a0 \u2018s\u2019 … Continue reading Gurmukhi Alphabet Chart<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":11,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/punjabi.lrc.columbia.edu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/285"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/punjabi.lrc.columbia.edu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/punjabi.lrc.columbia.edu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/punjabi.lrc.columbia.edu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/punjabi.lrc.columbia.edu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=285"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/punjabi.lrc.columbia.edu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/285\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":291,"href":"https:\/\/punjabi.lrc.columbia.edu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/285\/revisions\/291"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/punjabi.lrc.columbia.edu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/punjabi.lrc.columbia.edu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=285"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}